Andy Keogh gave the Championship leaders an early lead, but Derby hit back through Przemyslaw Kazmierczak and Mile Sterjovski before Matt Jarvis and Keogh with his second sealed the points.
With Sheffield United and Birmingham both drawing it means that Wolves are within sight of promotion, but they were made to work hard for this victory in the spring sunshine.
Derby showed considerable character to recover from an awful start but once again their defensive frailties let them down.
It was a mistake by Martin Albrechtsen that let Keogh in for the seventh minute opener, as the centre-back hesitated and the striker volleyed into the bottom corner from ten yards.
But Derby were level on the half hour when Karl Henry brought down Rob Hulse and Kazmierczak sent the ball around the defensive wall and into the bottom right corner from 25 yards.
It was a superb free-kick from the Polish midfielder, but he did not reappear for the second half which began with Kevin Foley striking a post.
A mistake by Matt Hill let in Sterjovski in the 53rd minute, but Wayne Hennessey did well to deny the Australian midfielder and Wolves went down the other end only for Henry to blaze a good chance into the visiting fans.
But it was Derby who took the lead in the 55th minute when Kris Commons played a corner to Sterjovski, who was unmarked from 15 yards to dispatch a right-foot shot into the bottom corner.
Wolves made a trio of substitutions and one of them, Kyel Reid, went close before Jarvis bundled in at the back post in the 73rd minute.
The winner arrived three minutes from the end when Wolves broke away and Marlon Harewood crossed from the right for Keogh to plant a diving header into the net.